Economics

Tokenomics

How V-Ledger leverages Smart Contract Escrows to power deposit systems (Pfandsystem) and secondary market revenues.

The Deposit System

A built-in "Pfandsystem" ensures products are returned at their end-of-life. When an Asset Twin is provisioned, a stablecoin deposit (e.g. 5 EURC) is locked inside the Smart Contract Escrow.

When a consumer brings the product to a certified recycler, the recycler scans the NFC chip. The smart contract validates the "RECYCLED" status and instantly pays the locked deposit to the consumer's wallet.

Resale Royalties

Brands can earn revenue on the secondary market. By setting royaltiesBps (Basis Points) during provisioning, the Smart Contract automatically splits the payment when the Digital Product Passport changes owners.

Example: If a jacket is resold for 100€ and Royalties are set to 2.5% (250 bps), the seller receives 97.50€ and the brand instantly receives 2.50€.

Executing an End-of-Life Event

POST /v1/iaas/log-recycle

Certified recycling facilities can trigger the release of deposits via the IaaS API. The physical presence of the item is cryptographically proven via the NTAG 424 DNA scan.

{
  "chipUid": "04:XX:YY:ZZ:...",
  "signature": "3045022100...",
  "locationId": "GLN-RECYCLER-DE-01"
}

Trustless Architecture

The Escrow is completely trustless. Neither V-Ledger nor the brand can access the locked deposit. Only the verifiable cryptographic proof of the NFC chip being scanned at a registered recycling facility can unlock the funds.